Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Methods in Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research

Cells, the basic structures of all living organisms, reside in an extracellular matrix consisting a complex three-dimensional architecture and interact with neighboring cells both mechanically biochemically. Cell–cell cell–extracellular interactions form network that maintains tissue specificity homeostasis. Important biological processes cell cycle are regulated by principles organized microenvironment surrounding cell. The conventional culture methods failed to mimic vivo-like structural organization insufficient examine features such as connectivity cells, cellular morphology, viability, proliferation, differentiation, gene protein expression, response stimuli, drug/vaccine metabolism. Three-dimensional studies very important terms reducing need for vivo creating intermediate step. have attracted attention literature recent years, especially examining distribution organs presence infectious diseases, elucidating pathogenic mechanism action viruses, virus–host interactions. This review highlights use importance design characterization novel vaccine formulations pathogenesis diseases.